The Rutan Model 61 Long-EZ is a homebuilt aircraft with a canard layout designed by Burt Rutan's Rutan Aircraft Factory. It is derived from the VariEze, which was first offered to homebuilders in 1976. The prototype, N79RA of the Long-EZ first flew on June 12, 1979.
In 1997, Dick Rutan and Mike Melvill flew two Rutan Long-EZ aircraft that they had built, side-by-side around the world. This "around the world in 80 nights" flight was called The Spirit of EAA Friendship World Tour, and some legs of it lasted for over 14 hours.
Design
Burt Rutan Long-ez, Cross Country Flight, Jon Berger Long EZ - Long EZ cross country flight from Titusville, FL, stop in Georgia, and finish in Knoxville, TN.
The Long-EZ was a clean-sheet scaled-up redesign of the VariEze predecessor, allowing for the addition of a passenger seat. Changes from the VariEze included a larger main wing with modified Eppler 1230 airfoil and less sweepâ€"the canard uses the same GU25-5(11)8 airfoil as the VariEzeâ€"larger strakes containing more fuel and baggage storage, slightly wider cabin, and the ability to use a Lycoming 108 hp engine with no nose ballast. Plans were offered from 1980 to 1985. As of late 2005, approximately 700 Long EZ's are FAA registered in the USA.
In January 1985, it was announced that plans for a new canard were being offered, to eliminate "rain trim change" that had been experienced by Long-EZ pilots. This trim change is usually a nose down trim change experienced when flying into rain requiring a small aft force on the stick to maintain altitude, which is easily trimmed out, using the bungee trim system. The new canard was designed with the Roncz R1145MS airfoil, which produces considerably more lift than the original GU25-5(11)8 airfoil. This enabled the new canard to be designed with less span, reducing wetted area and thus drag. The new canard has a negligible rain trim and the rain only adds 2 knots to the stall speed.
The aircraft is designed for fuel-efficient long-range flight, with a range of just over 2,000 miles (3,200Â km). It can fly for over ten hours and up to 1,600 miles (2,600Â km) on 52 gallons (200 liters) of fuel. Equipped with a rear-seat fuel tank, a Long-EZ has flown for 4,800 miles (7,700 kilometers).
The pilot sits in a semi-reclined seat and controls the Long-EZ by means of a side-stick controller situated on the right-hand console. In addition to having an airbrake on the underside, the twin tail's wing-tip rudders can be deflected outwards to act as auxiliary airbrakes.
In 1996 Burt Rutan awarded TERF Inc. the job of publishing the plans for the Long EZ and other of his aircraft under The Rutan Aircraft Factory CD ROM Encyclopedia for the purpose of further assisting new builders and maintenance for existing builders.
Variants
- E-Racer
- An extensively modified redesign using Long-EZ wings with a fuselage modified for side-by-side seating, retractable landing gear, and larger automotive engine conversion powerplants.
- EZ-rocket
- XCOR Aerospace modified a Long-EZ and replaced the engine with twin liquid-fueled rocket engines to form a flight test vehicle called the EZ-rocket, which was used as a proof-of-concept demonstrator. Initially, a follow-on version called the "Mark-1 X-Racer, was going to be developed for the Rocket Racing League, but the Velocity SE was subsequently selected as the airframe for the Rocket Racer, rather than the Long-EZ.
- Twin EZ
- Ivan Shaw built a Long-EZ and then converted it into a "Twin-EZ", an aircraft with twin wing-mounted Norton Wankel engines (precursors to the MidWest AE series). Shaw, a Yorkshireman, later designed the Europa XS kitplane.
- Long ESA
- A 258 hp electric engine conversion. On 19 July 2012, pilot Chip Yates achieved 202.6 mph in level flight, making the aircraft the fastest man carrying electric powered aircraft.
- Berkez or Berk-EZ
- Heavily modified Long-EZ with Berkut 360 components.
Specifications
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982â€"83
General characteristics
- Crew: 1 Pilot
- Capacity: 1 Passenger
- Length: 16Â ft 10Â in (5.12Â m)
- Wingspan: 26Â ft 1Â in (7.96Â m)
- Height: 7Â ft 10Â in (2.40Â m)
- Wing area: 81.99 sq ft (7.617 m2)
- Empty weight: 710Â lb (322Â kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 1,325Â lb (601Â kg)
- Fuel capacity: 52 US Gal (197 L)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-235 air-cooled flat-four engine, 115 hp (86 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 185Â mph (298Â km/h; 161Â kn) (max cruise)
- Cruise speed: 144Â mph (232Â km/h; 125Â kn) (40% power)
- Range: 2,010Â mi (1,747Â nmi; 3,235Â km)
- Service ceiling: 27,000Â ft (8,200Â m)
- Rate of climb: 1,750Â ft/min (8.9Â m/s)
Accidents and incidents
Singer-songwriter John Denver died when his Long-EZ crashed on October 12, 1997. The NTSB believes that he inadvertently pushed on his right rudder pedal while twisting to the left in his seat as he struggled to operate the fuel selector valve, which on his aircraft had been moved by a previous owner to a position where it could more easily be reached from the passenger seat.
Contributing factors in the crash were other pilot errors, a design that led to an overly optimistic pre-flight fuel-check estimate, a known defective (very hard to turn) fuel valve, and non-standard placement of the fuel selector valve by the kit plane's builder, at variance with Burt Rutan's specifications. Denver was aware of the relocated valve prior to take off and had previously flown the aircraft only for approximately thirty minutes in an orientation flight the day before the accident, although he was an experienced pilot. The NTSB cited Denver's unfamiliarity with the aircraft and his failure to have the aircraft refueled as causal factors in the accident. The aerodynamics of this unusual aircraft did not play a role in Denver's crash.
On December 20, 1997, the author James Gleick crash-landed his Long-EZ at Greenwood Lake Airport in West Milford, New Jersey. He was seriously injured and the passenger, his 8-year-old son Harry, was killed.
See also
- Related development
- Rutan VariEze
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Berkut 360
- Cirrus VK-30
- Cozy MK IV
- XCOR EZ-Rocket
References
- Taylor, John W. R. (1982), Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982â€"83, London: Jane's Yearbooks, ISBN 0-7106-0748-2Â
External links
- Canard aircraft site (ez.org) dedicated to Rutan aircraft
- Wayne Blacklers Long-EZ
- Building and flying a LongEZ
- Hangar Flying » What killed the Long EZ?
